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When planting onions choose a garden site that is in full sun and has a well-drained soil. A soil pH of 6.0 to 6.5 is ideal for growing onions. Apply lime and fertilize according to soil test results.

Many gardeners plant onions in a raised bed, rich in well-rotted Compost, manure, and other organic matter. Manure that contains straw or wood shavings may cause a temporary lack of nitrogen in the soil. The bacteria breaking down organic waste utilizes nitrogen and takes it from the soil. The plants may suffer from this, so add nitrogen fertilizer when digging such manure into the soil. Onions can be grown from seeds, small dormant onions called "sets," or onion transplants.

Onion Seeds should be sown in the garden in the midfall. Onion Seedlings however, are easier to grow in a soilless mix under controlled conditions. Sow onion seeds about 1/4 inch deep, covering lightly with a soilless mixture. Most onion seed varieties should germinate in approximately 2 weeks. Grow onions in individual peat pots or cell packs to reduce transplant shock, several plants per cell or pack are advisable.. Onion Seedlings should be grown in a relatively cool location with full sun for optimal results.

Transfer onion transplants into the garden when they reach pencil size in diameter (about 1/4 inch). Set onion plants 1 inch deep, and about 3 to 4 inches apart, After the danger of frost is gone.



Cultivation of Onions - When growing onions keep in mind that they are are shallow rooted and any cultivation should be done carefully to avoid damage to the bulbs or roots. Cultivation should be shallow, without bringing excessive soil to the plants. Many gardeners pull the soil away from plants in order to allow greater bulb expansion. However, this practice is not needed on well prepared, highly organic soil. Mulching can also help control weeds.

Growing Onions in well-drained soils will discourage disease problems. It is always wise to follow a rotation schedule when planting onions.

Watering Onions - Watering is critical when growing onions. Water slowly and deeply to produce healthy onions. Onions should receive about an inch of water per week slightly more in sandy soils. Inexpensive watering timer systems are available. Excessive watering could easily lead to rot and fungus particularly if your onions are not planted in a sunny area.

Fertilizing Onion Plants - Apply a complete fertilizer such as 8-8-8 or 10-10-10, a few days prior to planting. Onions are heavy nitrogen feeders early when producing roots and top growth. Side dress approximately 5 or 6 weeks after planting with high non sulfur nitrogen fertilizer, Side dress onions again in late winter. Excessive applications of nitrogen can delay maturity of bulbs, cause thick necks and splitting.

Weed Control - When growing onions keep in mind that they are are the least suited to compete with weeds. Weed pressure can be especially damaging to young onion plants because they are slow growing, have shallow roots and do not have enough foliage to adequately shade the ground. Herbicides are not recommended , as many attack the crop as well... careful/ shallow cultivation and weeding is essential .

Companion Planting - Good Neighbors of Onions are Beets, Cabbage, Carrots, Celery, Cucumber, Lettuce, Pepper, Squash, Strawberries, and Tomato . Bad Neighbors include Bush Beans, Pole Beans, Peas.

Do not plant onions or other members of the Amaryllidaceae family in the same soil for more than one season.. Rotate the crops to various sections of your garden space from season to season. Planting Chamomile with onions. Improves growth and flavor